Anti-Anaemic Effect of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Extract on Phenyl Hydrazine-Treated Rats

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is one of the world's threatening disease conditions of blood disorder that leads to the decrease in red blood cells which affects people of all ages. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf extract on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride induced anaemia in albino rats. Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 16 rats were split into four groups. Group A the baseline for negative control, group B positive control, group C pre-treatment and group D post-treatment. Induction was done by intraperitoneal with phenylhydrazine at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Blood was taken for each 2 days interval for PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb. Preliminary phytochemical screening was investigated by standard procedures. Results: The results show a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration when compared with the untreated group. Decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (15.46±4.443 & 7.80±0.429), aspartate aminotransferase (20.89±1.095 & 11.66±0.898), total bilirubin (13.70±0.351 & 10.45±0.620), direct bilirubin (7.49±0.659 & 3.76±0.042) and alkaline phosphatase (254.25±2.287 & 192.00±1.474) and a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum protein and albumin when compared with untreated group. Iron binding shows a significantly (P<0.05) increase (153.49±0.530 & 166.09±1.334) and (85.16±0.824 &98.43±0.562) while there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum Urea (2.39±0.027&4.70±0.047), Creatinine (68.38±0.404&75.01±0.891), and Uric acid (234.92±2.761&246.52±1.136) when compared with the baselines.  Conclusion: The positive effect of the vegetable may be attributed to its rich phytochemicals, nutrients which supports the use of the leaves for food and ethnomedicinal purposes in many parts of Nigeria.