Effect of Vitamin A on Glucose Tolerance in Female Undergraduates of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma

Abstract

Background: This study explored the effects of Vitamin A supplementation on glucose tolerance among female undergraduate students at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, adopting a comprehensive metabolic approach. Recent evidence has established that retinoid signaling pathways interact with glucose metabolism through nuclear receptor networks, particularly through Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) pathways, which regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Objective: The primary goals were to assess the influence of Vitamin A supplementation on fasting blood glucose levels and to evaluate its impact on glucose tolerance test results, specifically through the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), based on the molecular understanding of retinoid-mediated metabolic regulation. Method: The research involved conducting an OGTT on participants under two conditions: one without Vitamin A supplementation and another following a 100,000 IU dose of Vitamin A. Blood glucose levels were measured at six intervals (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes) using an ACCU-CHEK Active glucometer, allowing for a detailed analysis of temporal glucose responses. Statistical analysis was carried out using a two-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 5 software to rigorously examine variations in glucose metabolism. Result: The results revealed subtle but statistically significant fluctuations in blood glucose levels across different time points. However, the data indicated that Vitamin A supplementation had minimal direct effects on glucose tolerance. While the study was limited by its sample size and generalizability, it provides valuable baseline data on the metabolic responses of young female adults. Conclusion: This research highlights the complex interplay between micronutrient supplementation and glucose metabolism. By investigating the effects of Vitamin A intake on glucose metabolism, the study addresses a critical gap in understanding the metabolic role of this essential micronutrient.