Analysis of Morphology of Volcanic Craters on the Biu Plateau, Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

This research examined the morphology of volcanic craters on the Biu plateau with the aim of understanding their modification and processes acting on them. The objectives of the study are to identify the craters; determine the morphology and the geomorphic processes responsible for it. Data used for this study were generated from field observations, topographic map and total station. Three sampled craters namely Kumba, Tilla and Jali Tagurmi were purposively selected for the study. GIS software (ILWIS) and Surfer 7.0 was used to produce the DEM and 3D from the data generated using the total station. Results showed that there are fourteen craters on the Biu Plateau; four large (> 300 meters) in diameter, five medium (200-300 meters) and five small (< 200 meters). The morphology of the Kumba crater is conical with an elevation range of 700 meters to 765 meters, Tilla crater is circular with elevation range of 736 m to 742 m while the Jali Tagurmi crater has an oval shape with spot height of 690 meters to 740 meters above sea level. Denudational processes observed on the rims of the craters include weathering, sheet, rill, gully erosions and mass wasting (rock fall, soil creep, debris creep and slides). From the findings of the research it suggests public education on sustainable environmental management of land based resources.