Environmental Impact and Sustainable Practices in Hotels: A Case Study of Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The hospitality industry is a major contributor to global economic growth; however, its environmental impacts—particularly in developing regions—are substantial and demand critical analysis. This study investigates the environmental practices, impacts, and sustainability challenges of hotel operations in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria, with a focus on resource consumption, waste generation, pollution, and local residents’ perceptions of environmental effects. A survey of 400 respondents, comprising hotel operators, employees, and local residents, was conducted to gather quantitative and qualitative data on current environmental practices and public perception. Results show that 73% of hotels lack structured waste disposal methods, contributing significantly to local environmental degradation, while 68% fail to implement energy-saving measures, leading to increased energy consumption. In addition, 82% of respondents expressed concerns regarding the negative impacts of hotel operations on water resources and air quality. Inferential statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and ANOVA, reveal significant correlations (p < 0.05) between hotel practices and environmental perceptions among residents. The study identifies key barriers to sustainable practices, including financial constraints, limited regulatory oversight, and lack of awareness, and underscores the need for stronger policy frameworks to support environmentally responsible operations. Recommendations include implementing government-led incentives, eco-certifications, and capacity-building initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable practices.