Anti-inflammatory Properties of Crude Extracts from Eragrostis tremula Roots

Abstract

Aims: The present study evaluates the anti-inflammatory activities of crude extracts obtained from the roots of Eragrostis tremula using in-vivo experimental models. Study Design: This study employed randomized, controlled in-vivo experiment; the anti-inflammatory activity of crude Eragrostis tremula root extracts was tested in healthy Sprague Dawley rat (SD rat). Our experimental rats were randomly divided into control and extract-treated groups. The efficacy was determined using standard acute and sub-acute inflammation models, with group outcomes analyzed statistically for significant differences. Place and Duration of Study: Department of medical microbiology and immunology, faculty of basic clinical science, college of medical sciences. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, between May 2025 and January 2026. Methodology: LD50 determination and Acute toxicity, 20 Adult SD rats weighing (150-200g) were obtained and categorized into four groups with three rats in a group, apart from group which was the control, every other group was administered with 1600mg/Kg, 2900mg/kg and 5000mg/Kg respectively with crude extract, one rat per day for 3days observed for 14days and then euthanized. In sub-chronic toxicity, the same numbers of rats and groups were used but were induced with 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, respectively for a period of twenty-eight days before euthanized. Neutrophil, Monocyte, lymphocyte was evaluated. Results: This current study shows that Eragrostis tremula ethanolic root extract may exhibit immunostimulant potentials, thus may be used to treat inflammatory and swallowing digitations.  Neutrophil count decreased in group 1 and 3 when compared with the control group but not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Eragrostis tremula root extract is non-toxic in SD rats and has an effect of Neutrophil count level decrease in the animal but not statistically significant. Although Lymphocyte count increased and statistically insignificant.