Socio-Economic Transformation after Employment Shift: A Study of Informal Sector Migrants in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Abstract

This study explores the socio-economic transformation experienced by migrants from West Bengal who relocated to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Utilizing cross-sectional data from 50 respondents, the research compares pre- and post-migration conditions to assess changes in employment status, income levels, housing quality, savings, and overall economic well-being. The study reveals that most migrants initially faced economic hardship, with many being unemployed or engaged in unstable daily wage labour. Post-migration, the majority secured consistent employment, primarily within informal sectors, which contributed to increased income and the ability to save an indicator of enhanced financial stability. Housing conditions also improved significantly, with a transition from temporary shelters to semi-permanent or permanent dwellings. Despite enduring constraints such as limited educational attainment and continued dependence on informal labour markets, migration has demonstrably contributed to improved socio-economic outcomes for the majority of respondents. These findings underscore the strategic role of migration as a livelihood adaptation and offer critical implications for policy frameworks aimed at enhancing migrant welfare and fostering equitable regional development.