Bio-inspired Green Formulation of Various Metal Nanoparticles: A Review

Abstract

In the world of nanotechnology, a green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles is becoming a focal point of modern research. Being environmentally friendly, biosynthesized nanoparticles are very stable and exhibit variations in their size, shape, strength, surface area and other specific properties that can easily be used in planned applications. However, a lot of metallic nanoparticles are available, but on the basis of distinctive physical, biological and chemical features silver, copper, zinc, iron and gold nanoparticles attract more interest. The majority of plants and microorganisms are commonly used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, however as a renewable solution, the synthesis of nanoparticles has been an option to overcome the other method’s deficiencies. Since the green approach to nanoparticles' synthesis is more robust, their synthesis is too rapid. Different plants have different biomolecules available, hence increasing the rate of stabilization and reduction of synthesized nanoparticles due to their stabilization and reduction agents. The focus of this study is on the green synthesis strategies of copper, zinc, silver, gold, iron and cobalt nanoparticles. This review paper covers various metallic nanoparticles synthesized on green basis arranged on alphabetical manner and other characteristics viz. shape of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles, and name of the plant part under observation and finally year of paper publication.