Serum Anti-mullerian Hormone Levels as a Marker of Ovarian Reserve in Women with Primary and Secondary Infertility

Abstract

Background: Evaluating for ovarian reserve is invaluable when managing cases of infertility with possibilities of reduced ovarian reserve. Aim: To determine the serum anti-Mullerian hormone level as a marker of ovarian reserve among Infertile women and compare the levels with other reproductive hormones in the age range of 21 – 45 years, and also compare it with levels in women of proven fertility. Subjects and Methods: A hospital-based case control study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) from 2021-2022. Sixty-five (65) infertile and sixty-five fertile women whose ages ranged from 21 to 45 years were included as the test and control groups, respectively. The study population was made up of infertile (case) and fertile women (control) who were recruited from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology and the infant welfare clinic. The total study population was one hundred and thirty (130) women. Routine sex hormones and AMH in both groups were assayed. The mean, SD, and correlation test were studied between the variables, and the test of significance of variables between the two groups was also analysed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The most represented age group ranged between 26 and 30 years. Secondary and primary infertility accounted for 69.2% and 30.8%, respectively, of infertility in the test group. The mean value of serum AMH in infertile subjects was 2.07±4.6ng/ml while that in the fertile subjects was 3.80±5.8ng/ml and this was statistically significant (p=0.001). The study established a weak but significant negative correlation between AMH and FSH (r=-0.143; p=0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between mean AMH values and mean LH, E2, progesterone, and prolactin values, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: AMH can be considered a good marker of ovarian reserve as it is cycle-independent when compared to other reproductive hormones and subsequently can be used to assess ovarian reserve.