Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) stands as a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality. characterized by the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle due to prolonged oxygen deprivation (ischemia), MI poses a substantial health threat. In the United States alone, around 1.5 million cases of MI are reported annually. Aim of the Study: To assess the demographic and clinical profile of patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from Jun 2013 to Dec 2013. The study included a purposive sample of 100 cases diagnosed with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction as study participants. Data collection utilized a semi-structured predesigned questionnaire, and analysis was conducted using MS Office tools and SPSS Version 23.0. Results: The mean ± SD age of participants was 52.84 ± 8.40 years, with 77% being male. Clinical symptoms included chest pain in 97% and breathlessness in 90% of cases. In clinical findings, the mean ± SD heart rate was 88 ± 15, systolic blood pressure was 136.75 ± 19.25, diastolic pressure was 85.30 ± 11.52, and BMI was 25.76 ± 2.51 Kg/m2. Risk factors for STEMI comprised hypertension in 61%, smoking in 52%, dyslipidemia in 100%, diabetes mellitus in 46%, and a family history of IHD in 43% of patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 50.82 ± 9.99%, and random blood sugar was 222.82 ± 72.16 mg/dl. Conclusion: Aged males are predominantly susceptible to acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with chest pain and breathlessness being the most prevalent clinical symptoms. Common risk factors for STEMI include hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and a family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD).