Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Toxicity Analysis of Chloroform Extract of Aegle marmelos L. Correa Leaf

Abstract

Phytochemicals are responsible constituents for the therapeutic potential in medicinal plants. In this study, Aegle marmelos leaf powder was extracted through cold percolation and fractionation process. Analysis of the leaf chloroform extract through phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, and protein. The GC-MS analysis of the crude chloroform extract revealed nine primary compounds, with the most prevalent constituents being Limonene dioxide, which comprised 27.78%, and Germacrene-B, 20.65%. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the chloroform extract was found to be 58.36 mg GAE/g and 142.29 mg QC/g of dry extract, respectively. Chloroform extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an inhibition zone of 7 mm. The IC50 of the chloroform extract against DPPH radical was found to be 308.21 μg/mL. The extract demonstrated cytotoxic against brine shrimp larva, with a lethal concentration of 157.49 μg/mL. Further in vitro and in vivo experimentation on this plant would enhance the potential therapeutic significance evaluation of the plant.