A Rare Case of Neonatal Mumps in a Health Facility in South-South Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease that primarily affects young children and adolescents. In Africa, the incidence of mumps has continued to rise, even as rates have declined globally. In Nigeria, the incidence is reported to be 3 per 1000 children. However, there are no incidence rates available for neonatal mumps. Aim: The study aims to report a case of Neonatal Mumps, which is scarcely reported in Africa and previously unreported in Nigeria. Case Presentation: We report a case of neonatal mumps infection in a 2-week-old Nigerian female, who presented with high fever and swelling of both parotid glands. The mother recalled a mild febrile illness a few weeks before delivery. The patient recovered well, with parotitis resolving before discharge. Conclusion: Neonatal mumps is uncommon and usually benign, primarily affecting infants born to unimmunized mothers. Thus, clinicians should maintain a high suspicion for mumps in neonates with fever and bilateral parotid swelling, emphasising the need for mumps vaccination.