Occurrence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle with significant economic and animal health implications in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reviews and documents the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of LSD among cattle in Adamawa State, north-eastern Nigeria. Using retrospective reports from veterinary services, field observations, and published regional data, the study assessed LSD occurrence in relation to seasonal distribution, herd management practices, and geographical spread. A total of 468 cattle were affected out of 3,853 representing 12.15%.  The findings indicate that LSD occurs sporadically, with periodic outbreaks, particularly during the rainy season 13.38% and 11.00% dry season, and is associated with extensive grazing systems and increased vector activity. The disease results in considerable economic losses through reduced milk production, weight loss, hide damage, and occasional mortality. Strengthening surveillance systems, improving vaccination coverage, and enhancing farmer awareness are recommended to reduce the burden of LSD in Adamawa State.