The Nature of Photon (Structure, Size, Duality)

Abstract

Based on the Maxwell theory and the principle of charges quantization, we prove that for any definite V , a symmetrical electromagnetic wave beam of minimum energy possesses the basic characters: ∈ = hv , p = h/λ , spin=   and duality. They are the good reasons for us to treat the wave beam as a photon. A photon is consisted of ∈ -(energy) packet and ψ -(electromagnetic)wave. ∈ -packet is a circular polarized electromagnetic field wrapped by a cylindrical lateral membrane with ± charge e. They form an extremely stable structure like a “solid particle”. Under the protect of the membrane, no external electromagnetic field can break it or change its inner structure so as the photons can bring the information unchanged from the deep universe for over ten billion years. Photon ( ∈ -packet) of different frequencies V have different radius  but same shape with same ratio L/R ≈ 0.04 like a circular coin. The ∈ -packet is floated on and carried by the ψ -(EM) wave to move together. ψ -wave decides and describes the probability behavior of the ∈ -packet (s). Such structure unifies the duality of photons. Analysis of the pair production shows that symmetry will make the particles produced possess spiral structure of mass. The mass density on particles’ cross section satisfy σ = σR (R/r)k.