Molecular Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Cassettes Associated with Class 2 Integron in Salmonella Serovars Isolated in Iran

Abstract

Aim:Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen in humans and a broad range of animals. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. is a serious health problem in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. The aim of this study was to detect integrons, the natural recombination systems that can be transferred in companion with mobile genetic elements and play a major role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes in clinical isolates. Place and Duration of Study:Salmonella clinical isolates were provided by a number of institutes and hospitals over the country through the years 2008-2009. Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping were carried out for eighty four epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Salmonella serovars collected from different provinces of Iran through the years 2008-2009. PCR assays were carried out to detect intI2 gene (integrase I attributed to class 2 integron) and internal variable regions (IVRs) of class 2 integron. These sequences were deposited in EMBL/GenBank database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Results: Eleven isolates (13.1%) which were resistant to at least 4 groups of antimicrobial agents were considered as MDR (multidrug resistant) Salmonella serovars. PCR assays detected intI2 gene (integrase I attributed to class 2 integron) and internal variable regions (IVRs) of class 2 integron in Fourteen (16.7%) and eleven (78.6%) of Salmonella clinical isolates respectively. Analysis of the sequence data revealed 3 gene cassette arrays deposited in Genbank databases including the dhfrA1 (0.75 kb), dfrA14- lsp (1 kb), dhfrA1-sat2-aadA1 (3 kb) with three IVR distribution patterns. An artifact PCR product of 2 kb was reported in this study to be amplified together with IVRs of class 2 integrons which was associated with the fhuE- ptsG genes. Conclusions: Presence of MDR Salmonella serovars demonstrates that antimicrobial selection pressure is widespread in our clinical settings. Detection of class 2 integron carrying gene cassettes which confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim confirms that integron-mediated antimicrobial gene cassettes are prevalent in Salmonella serovars isolated in Iran.