Glomus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae am Strains Influence on Soil Physical, Biological and Chemical Characteristics in Tea Plantations in Kenya

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi occur over a wide range of agro climatic conditions and are geographically ubiquitous. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the medium of soil structure, they determine the flow of water, nutrients, and air, directs the pathways of root growth, and opens channels for the movement of soil animals. As the moderator of the microbial community, they also determine the metabolic processes of the soil. In other words, the mycorrhizal network is practically synonymous with ecosystem function. The tremendous advances in research on mycorrhizal physiology and ecology over the past 40 years have led to a greater understanding of the multiple roles of AMF in the ecosystem. The current study was informed due to the depletion of nutrients and poor soil microbiology in tea production whose production has declined in the recent years. The trial was conducted in the research and development greenhouse at the James Finlays Farm in Kericho County, Kenya. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements of tea clones and mycorrhizae levels. The phosphorus treatments consisted of a standard rate of 107.66kg ha -1, two clones of the tea (S15/10 and SC 12/28) and two mycorrhizal strains (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus intraradices) at two rates (50 kg ha-1 and 70 kg ha-1) and an untreated control without mycorrhizae. The soil pH was positively influenced by reducing the acidity content significantly where mycorrhizae strains were introduced with the highest unit change (1.3) was recorded on clone SC 12/28 at the 50 kg Mycorrhizae ha-1 rate. The same treatment also significantly increased the soil total phosphorus level (2.3 g/kg) compared to all other treatments with the least change observed on the control. Application of AMF strains Glomus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae is recommended in tea production at the rate of 50 kg ha-1 which improves and enhances the general positive characteristics of soil health.