Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Prevalence of Vibrio cholerae among IDPs in North Central Nigeria

Abstract

Cholera remains a significant public health concern in resource-limited settings, particularly among internally displaced persons (IDPs) who are exposed to poor sanitation, unsafe water, and overcrowded living conditions. This study investigates the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates from faecal samples of IDPs in selected camps across North Central Nigeria (Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States). A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 422 diarrheic participants. Stool samples were analyzed using rapid diagnostic tests, culture on selective media, biochemical characterization, serological confirmation, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing following CLSI guidelines. The overall prevalence of Vibrio cholerae was 1.9% (8/422). Age, gender, marital status, and family type showed no statistically significant association with infection (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was observed between cholera prevalence and source of drinking water (p < 0.05), with the highest infection rates among individuals relying on streams, rivers, and wells. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed complete sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (100%), high susceptibility to tetracycline (87.5%) and gentamicin (75%), and moderate susceptibility to meropenem (62.5%). High resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (100%), cefotaxime (75%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (75%), and ampicillin (62.5%). The study highlights the continued presence of Vibrio cholerae in IDP camps and underscores the importance of improving water quality, sanitation infrastructure, and antimicrobial stewardship. Continuous surveillance and targeted public health interventions are essential to prevent potential outbreaks in these vulnerable populations.