Characterization of Lowland Rice Farming Systems in the Haut-Sassandra Region, Central Western Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Background: Rice demand in Côte d’Ivoire exceeds local production, increasing reliance on imports. Lowland rice farming has strong potential but remains underperforming due to constraints and limited system understanding. Aims: This study aimed to contribute to a better understanding of lowland rice farming systems in the Haut-Sassandra region by analyzing farmer’s characteristics, cultivated rice varieties, and technical approaches adopted by rice farmers. Study Location and Duration: The research was conducted in four localities of the Haut-Sassandra Region (Central Western Côte d'Ivoire), from March to August 2022. Methodology: Surveys were carried out using a random sample of sixty-nine rice farmers per locality. Information was obtained through field interviews. These interviews focused on the types of rice farmers, the different cultivated rice varieties, and the technical approaches adopted by the farmers. The collected data were analyzed using STATISTICA software (version 7.1). Results: The surveyed producers were of diverse origins, with a significant presence of non-native farmers (56.43%). The study revealed a low level of female participation in lowland rice farming (7.53%) and a high rate of illiterate farmers (87%). A total of 22 rice varieties were identified, including nine (9) local varieties, three (3) introduced varieties, and 10 improved varieties. They were cultivated using six (6) different farming practices, the most common of which was no-till farming, followed by hill sowing. The distribution of varieties according to farming practices allowed for the definition of four (4) groups. Thus, each variety was associated with one or more farming practices. Wita 9 variety was the most widely cultivated and proved to be the most profitable (4.25 t/ha). Conclusion: Characterizing lowland rice farming systems is crucial for the sustainable improvement of local production. Experimental studies are recommended for each rice variety to determine the exact yield per hectare and the appropriate cultivation practices.