Determinants of Premature Childbirth among Neonates in Rural and Urban Settings of Bangladesh

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of neonatal outcomes and the underlying socio-cultural determinants of premature childbirth in urban and rural settings of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 1,000 pregnant women (500 each from urban and rural areas). Data was collected via structured interviews and medical record reviews, focusing on socio-demographics, neonatal outcomes, traditional childbirth practices, and access to health care. Results: Urban regions reported a higher incidence of premature births (22%) compared to rural settings (15%). Traditional childbirth practices were more prevalent in rural areas (76%) than urban ones (58%). Despite better healthcare access in urban regions, with 89% of women attending at least four antenatal visits, rural areas lagged at 67%, with 52% citing distance as a major barrier. Conclusion: Both urban and rural areas in Bangladesh present unique challenges influencing neonatal outcomes, with socio-cultural determinants playing a pivotal role. Addressing these disparities demands a comprehensive approach that incorporates culturally-sensitive strategies, enhanced healthcare facilities, and community awareness initiatives.