Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle Containing Herbal Mouth Rinse in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Abstract

The integration of nanotechnology with herbal medicine has led to the development of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–herbal mouth rinses for dental applications. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the synthesis methods, classification, antimicrobial mechanisms, dental applications, safety considerations, and clinical relevance of biosynthesized AgNP–herbal mouth rinses. Green synthesis using medicinal plant extracts produces silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties while improving biocompatibility and reducing chemical residues. When combined with herbal constituents, these formulations demonstrate activity against oral pathogens associated with dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral candidiasis, and halitosis. The review highlights potential advantages over conventional chemical mouth rinses, including broader antimicrobial action and reduced adverse effects, while also discussing limitations related to standardization, safety, and clinical evidence. Current knowledge gaps and future research directions are identified to support the rational development and clinical evaluation of AgNP–herbal mouth rinses in dentistry.