Comparative Review of Bioactive Molecules for Antidiabetic Properties

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated metabolic dysfunctions that impact millions of lives. Despite advancements in its management, the need for safer, effective, and affordable antidiabetic therapies remains unmet. This review delves into the exploration of bioactive molecules derived from natural sources, such as phytochemicals and peptides, as well as synthetic compounds, presenting a comparative analysis of their therapeutic potential. It highlights their diverse mechanisms of action, including modulation of insulin secretion, glucose uptake, and reduction of oxidative stress. Additionally, the review discusses their efficacy, safety profiles, and future applications, emerging trends, emphasizing their role in addressing the challenges of diabetes management and improving patient outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for further research into synergistic effects and formulation strategies to improve their clinical use.