Diagnosis of Neonatal Jaundice at Lancet Clinical Laboratories in Zimbabwe

Abstract

Neonatal Jaundice is a common condition affecting newborns and is characterized by an elevation in bilirubin levels, leading to the yellowing of skin and eyes. This research analyses the patterns associated with NNJ at Lancet Clinical Laboratories Zimbabwe from January 2024 to June 2024. The study addresses the significant public health concern posed by NNJ, which is linked to various complications, including severe neurological impairments if left untreated. The purpose was to evaluate the patterns and distribution of NNJ by age and sex. The study population included 369 neonates. The study found a high prevalence of NNJ at 69.9%, with the majority of cases occurring in public Hospitals (67.4%) compared to private hospitals (32.6%). The 0-5 days age group had the highest proportion of NNJ cases (25.5%), with a gradual decline in prevalence as age increased. Male neonates were more affected (56.5%) than female neonates (43.5%). ABO and RH incompatibility accounted for 17.05% of all NNJ cases occurring most within the first days of life. The study underscores the critical need for improved screening and management strategies in Zimbabwe, identifying the high-risk populations and understanding the patterns healthcare providers can use to enhance clinical decision-making. The research advocates for targeted educational programs for healthcare providers and parents of early recognition of NNJ symptoms. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for policy changes to improve healthcare access and resources in low-income regions, ultimately aiming to reduce the burden of NNJ on the healthcare system.