Teachers play a central role in shaping students’ language development, particularly in contexts where English is learned as a second or foreign language. This study examined the relationship between English teachers’ pedagogical expertise and students’ linguistic competence amon...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2329
Background: Impromptu speaking activities help develop students’ communication skills and confidence, yet many college students experience speaking anxiety and nervousness when required to speak spontaneously in English. Aims: This study aimed to explore students' experiences wit...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2327
Across educational contexts, many students perceive writing as challenging and consequently exhibit low writing self-efficacy, which negatively affects their engagement in writing tasks. This study aimed to determine the predictive influence of writing-related activities, ability...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2328
India is a highly plurilingual society where diverse languages coexist and are flexibly used across social, cultural, educational, and communicative domains, making sociolinguistic analysis essential for understanding language use, identity, and social integration.This research e...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2326
Background: Poor student satisfaction in online English classes reflects challenges in engagement, interaction, and instructional quality, impacting overall learning outcomes in higher education. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between learning engagement and sa...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2325
This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies on code-switching in Philippine English classrooms published between 2005 and 2026, focusing on its pedagogical functions and learning outcomes. Guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, studies were identified through searches of m...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2324
Background: Violet Evergarden presents a nuanced portrayal of disability through its protagonist’s prosthetic arms, challenging the traditional concept of Narrative Prosthesis where disability serves merely as a plot device. Instead, the series foregrounds emotional recovery, ide...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2323
Background: Low academic performance may lead to repeated course failures, lower overall GPA, decreased engagement in classroom activities, diminished confidence in learning abilities, higher likelihood of academic probation or dropout, restricted eligibility for scholarships or...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2322
This study provides a descriptive and contrastive phonological analysis of the vowel systems of English and Maithili, identifying segmental convergences and divergences with pedagogical and theoretical significance. While English (Germanic) possesses an extensive inventory of mon...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2321
Aims: This study determined which domain(s) of cultural competence among English teachers influence their perceptions of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE). Study Design: A quantitative, non-experimental correlational design was employed. Place and Duration of S...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i2320