Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 3.0

Modeling of the Effect of Backpack Load Position on the Lumbar Spine Curvature

Mahshid Amerian, Hamidreza Ghasemi Bahraseman, Karim Leilnahari, Mahmoud Khodalotfi, Mehrnaz Amerian, Aram Bahmani

Annual Research & Review in Biology · pp. 638–650 · Published 9 Nov 2013

10.9734/ARRB/2014/6404

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the study was to propose a simulated model for predict the lumbar spine curvature in standing from a healthy subject with a loaded backpack. Study Design and Methodology: The anthropometric data of a schoolboy were used, and then the model was built in BRG. Life MOD (ver. 2007, Biomechanics Research Group, Inc., USA) based on these data. The backpack was loaded at 10, 15 and 20% of subject’s Body weight (BW) (stage 1). Then, three boxes (4, 4 and 12 Kg in weight) were attached in the backpack (stage 2). They were arranged in the sagittal, frontal and transversal planes and the position of the heavier weight was changed at each phase. Results: Regression analysis between our numerical predictions of stage 1 and similar experimental literature led to a correlation gradient of 0.88 and 0.91 for L3-S1-horizon and T12-L3-S1 angles, respectively. The predicted G and H angles peaks at stage 2 were observed when the heavier box was in frontal plane at left or right side. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of obtaining a range of variable boundary conditions (e.g. altered due to changing the location of the heavier box) and applying a simplified three-dimensional model that can predict lumbar spine curvature changes in relatively short solution time.

Backpack load placement backpack modeling lumbar spine curvature.

References (26)

  1. 1 Influence of carrying book bags on gait cycle and posture of youths [DOI]
  2. 2 The Association of Backpack Use and Back Pain in Adolescents [DOI]
  3. 3 Adolescent standing postural response to backpack loads: a randomised controlled experimental study [DOI]
  4. 4 Evaluation of the effect of backpack load and position during standing and walking using biomechanical, physiological and subjective measures [DOI]
  5. 5 Effects of load placement on back muscle activity in load carriage [DOI]
  6. 6 Effects of varying backpack loads on peak forces in the lumbosacral spine during walking [DOI]
  7. 7 Effects of backpack load position on spatiotemporal parameters and trunk forward lean [DOI]
  8. 8 Correlation Between Backpack Weight and Way of Carrying, Sagittal and Frontal Spinal Curvatures, Athletic Activity, and Dorsal and Low Back Pain in Schoolchildren and Adolescents [DOI]
  9. 9 Trunk muscle activity in different modes of carrying schoolbags [DOI]
  10. 10 Effect of backpack load placement on posture and spinal curvature in prepubescent children [DOI]
  11. 11 Ergonomic effects of load carriage on the upper and lower back on metabolic energy cost of walking [DOI]
  12. 12 Back Pain and Backpacks in School Children [DOI]
  13. 13 Comparison of five modes of carrying a load close to the trunk [DOI]
  14. 14 The effect of backpack heaviness on trunk-lower extremity muscle activities and trunk posture [DOI]
  15. 15 Effect of load position on physiological and perceptual responses during load carriage with an internal frame backpack [DOI]
  16. 16 The effect of simulated school load carriage configurations on shoulder strap tension forces and shoulder interface pressure [DOI]
  17. 17 Changes in spinal curvature and proprioception of schoolboys carrying different weights of backpack [DOI]
  18. 18 Influence of load and carrying methods on gait phase and ground reactions in children’s stair walking [DOI]
  19. 19 Comparison of four different backpacks intended for school use [DOI]
  20. 20 Subjective perceptions of load carriage on the head and back in Xhosa women [DOI]
  21. 21 Spine alignment in men during lateral sleep position: experimental study and modeling [DOI]
  22. 22 An evaluation of backpack harness systems in non-neutral torso postures [DOI]
  23. 23 Effect of exercise on blood flow through the aortic valve: a combined clinical and numerical study [DOI]
  24. 24 Influence of the mode of load carriage on the static posture of the pelvic girdle and the thoracic and lumbar spine in vivo [DOI]
  25. 25 Large-Array Surface Electromyography in Low Back Pain [DOI]
  26. 26 Biomechanical assessment of lateral stiffness elements in the suspension system of a backpack [DOI]

Cited by 1

Finite element analysis of fibre-reinforced constitutive formulation of Cadisc-L

A. Ansari, Hamidreza Ghasemi Bahraseman, Morteza Mohssenzadeh · Engineering Solid Mechanics · 2019

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

5

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

1

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.