Aims: Various tests to assess dynamic balance ability have been developed. The spot stepping (stepping) test assesses balance ability when a person voluntarily moves the body. The functional reach (FR) test assesses balance ability when a person is subjected to added stimulation...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/AIR/2015/14897
Aims: This study aimed to examine differences in corresponding rates of fall risk survey items among 3 groups of elderly females categorized on the basis of knee pain. Methodology: Total of 392 subjects completed the fall risk survey, which comprised 50 items representing 5 risk...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/AIR/2015/14362
Objectives: This study aimed to examine changes in physical fitness and motor abilities among older adult Japanese females who participated in social activities during the pandemic and prepandemic periods. Methods: This study included 60 older adult females whose physical fitness...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/air/2025/v26i51504