Fenofibrate is the most common drug prescribed to treat atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The nephrotoxicity of fenofibrate, as characterised by the increased Serum Creatinine (SCr) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), though reported in literature, it's clinical awa...
An inverse relationship between the raised Serum creatinine (Crn) and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is well known. A raised S. Creatinine / low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Besides, the eGFR, indicates the...
The importance of hyperglycaemia without glycosuria, seems to have been under played, as evidenced by the paucity of reports about the same, in the literature. Ralph H. Major et al. [1] observed in JAMA, on review of literature till then, that there was no reported case as such,...
This is the second part of the article, titled "looking beyond the cutaneous manifestations of Covid 19 Part 1: The Clinical Spectrum – A Review”, which is exclusively relegated to the pathology and pathogenesis aspects. The cutaneous manifestations of Covid 19 are classified int...
Ever since the first case of Covid 19 pneumonia-like condition was reported from Wuhan, China, researchers were seriously engaged in uncovering evidence of the involvement of organs other than the lung, like kidney, heart, brain, liver and gut. From the dermatologists, world over...
The flower sea urchin (Toxopneustes pileolus) sting is characterised by severe pain, followed by a brief paralysis of facial muscles that may create confusion with the diagnosis of similar clinical conditions like facial palsy and an episode of myasthenia gravis (MG), at the firs...
There are many gaps in our present understanding of the of the SARS CoV 2 related matters like its PAMPs,(pathogen associated molecular patterns),antigenic profile, immune evasive mechanisms and also other host related matters, like PRR s(pattern recognizing receptors) and the de...
Alzheimer's (AD) disease is foremost of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting cognition. Though memory, out of all cognitive functions of the brain, received much attention, the nonmemory cognitive functions including the higher brain functions, are equally important. In fact...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i330177
The pandemic of novel corona virus disease (covid 19), is presently sweeping the world over. The causative virus is named, SARS-CoV-2. The rapidity with which the pandemic is advancing is catastrophic. That there is no known treatment for this killer disease is throwing public at...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuro-degenerative disease, causing gradual decline in memory function in the affected patients. The loss of memory makes their existence miserable. It is first noticed and reported by the patient’s care takers. The clinicians objectively assess the...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i230168
Amyloid plaques and Tau tangles, constitute the pathological hallmarks of the brains of the patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. They are identified as far back as 1996 by Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, but till this date, how they produce ne...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130163
Habits are defined as acquired, repetitive, involuntary and body focused, stereotyped motor acts. Tics have the same attributes, but are characterised by muscle spasm additionally. So far, the emphasis in the literature is that the habits are acquired. There is no reference in th...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) associated with hypothyroidism, was reported in literature. Like-wise association between hypothyroidism and Vit. D deficiency was reported. Hypothyroidism, Vit. D deficiency in DM2 patients was also reported, in the literature. But the occurrence of Met...
Metformin is the widely prescribed first line oral antidiabetic drug used in diabetes mellatus, type 2 . The global sales turnover of metformin runs into millions of dollars. The Increased risk of metformin (Met) users for developing Alzheimer disease (AD)is reported first in a...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v26i330101
The presence of fat, beyond physiological limits, in organs, other than the adipose tissue, like the liver, the skeletal muscle, the heart and the pancreas etc is called ectopic fat. It causes specific organ dysfunction in the tissues concerned. The importance of the ectopic fat...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijbcrr/2019/v25i430083
Decreased insulin secretion due to beta cell dysfunction of the pancreas and defective utilization of insulin due to insulin resistance / Hyperinsulinemia are two important issues in the pathogenesis of DM2. There are many explanations in the literature to account for these two o...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40500
Metformin, the antihyperglycaemic drug, though in use since 1957 eluded as to its mechanism of action till date. There is some truth but not the whole truth, in even the much-favoured mechanisms of AMP-stimulated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulation and inhibition of complex 1 of E...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/39028
Hyperglycaemia in patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) with acute myocardial infarction is a common phenomena observed. This unique situation of cardiogenic insulin resistance does not spare diabetics or non -diabetics. It is in addition to the inherent insulin resista...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/37576
Randle cycle (1963) is about substrate competition between products of glycolysis and β–oxidation to capture the citric acid cycle for further oxidation. Acetyl –CoA, the end product of both the energy metabolisms, when accumulates in mitochondrial matrix beyond the oxidative ca...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/IJBCRR/2017/35088
Many theories have been put forward to explain insulin resistance in DM2. The cause of insulin resistance still remained an enigma till date. Defect in insulin signaling pathway is one such possibility considered for insulin resistance in DM2. For insulin signal transduction to o...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/IJBCRR/2016/24489