Geomorphometric Parameters of Ikpa River and its Implications for the Planning of Fluvial Hazards in the Northeast of Akwa Ibom State

Abstract

This article examines the geomorphometry of Ikpa River as a major determinant of the planning pattern for fluvial hazards in the Northeast of Akwa Ibom State. Geomorphometric parameters were computed for the entire area and the seven sub-basins sampled within the main watershed. A descriptive analysis of the parameters indicates that the dendritic Ikpa Watershed is a natural river with homogenous geologic formation and possesses high degree of integration of the smaller rivers. Sixteen geomorphometric parameters were measured for the seven sub-basins. Using Principal Component Analysis, four major geomorphometric parameters were identified and they explained 96.8 percent of the total variance. The four components were texture (34.6%), areal (33.2%), shape (19.0%) and form (10.0%)}. Relationships were sought among four variables using multiple regression model. Result of the multiple coefficient of determination (R) yielded 0.997, with the adjusted R of 0.982, which explained 98.2 percent of the proportion of variance in the series. The findings imply that the prevailing flood and erosion in the Ikpa River basin is associated with its geomorphometry. We recommend appropriate monitoring of the forms and processes; and the establishment of dam at the confluence of the fourth order sub-basin to regulate flood and other water-induced hazards associated with the downstream region of the watershed.