The State of Art of New Transgenic Techniques in Plant Breeding: A Review

Abstract

The state of art of new plant breeding techniques has been developed at the back drop of progress accomplished in plant biotechnology to meet global challenges in food production.  Some of the new plant breeding techniques are adopted by commercial breeders. The widely employed new breeding techniques are Cisgenics, Agroinfiltration and Oligonucleotide directed DNA Methylation. The crops developed by adopting these techniques are in commercial developmental phases. Few of the new techniques still at research level and could be close to commercialization are Reverse Breeding, Zinc Finger nuclease, Grafting on GM root stock and RNA dependent DNA methylation. The technology of Cisgenics includes transformation of gene belonging to its own genome. The emerging technologies to introduce controlled insertion of genetic material to targeted gene sequencing are Oligonucleotide directed methylation and Zinc Finger nuclease.  The great technical potential and economical benefits, technical constraints, safety issues and also regulations of these new plant breeding techniques have been identified and are critically reviewed.