Youth Empowerment in a Matrilineal Society: Policy Implementation and Cultural Governance in Meghalaya (2018-2024)

Abstract

Youth empowerment has emerged as a critical policy concern in India, particularly in the North-Eastern states, where structural constraints such as limited job creation, inadequate educational infrastructure, and socio-cultural complexities shape developmental outcomes. Meghalaya, with its distinctive matrilineal traditions and community-based governance, presents a unique case for examining youth policies and their implementation. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of youth empowerment initiatives in Meghalaya since the coming to power of the present NPP-led Meghalaya Democratic Alliance (MDA) in 2018, focusing on policy effectiveness, education, employability, socio-cultural influences, and the role of digital interventions in addressing youth empowerment. The paper finds out that Meghalaya has made significant strides through strategic initiatives like the Meghalaya Youth Policy 2021, PRIME, CM Elevate, YESS Meghalaya, and MPOWER, which collectively aim to provide a holistic framework for youth development. These efforts have led to improved educational infrastructure, targeted entrepreneurship schemes, and enhanced grassroots participation However, significant challenges persist, including limited awareness of schemes, rural-urban disparities, restricted market linkages, and the digital divide. The unique socio-cultural context, particularly matrilineal traditions and community-based governance, plays a dual role, fostering inclusiveness while also presenting implementation challenges due to uneven access and lack of formal standardization. Digital initiatives, while crucial for modernization, face hurdles related to unequal access, digital literacy, and uptake. The paper concludes by suggesting culturally resonant, digitally enabled, and community-driven approaches as pathways for enhancing the effectiveness and inclusiveness of youth empowerment policies in Meghalaya.