Ten-Year Retrospective Study on Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos

Abstract

Background: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign proliferative disorder affecting the synovium, commonly involving the knee joint. This study aimed to provide an overview of PVNS, discuss its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients diagnosed with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, between January 2010 and December 2021. Patients with histopathologically confirmed PVNS and complete medical records were included. Data were collected on demographics and clinical presentation. Results: A total of 10 patients were included, with a mean age of 37.7 ± 7.4 years. The cohort was predominantly female (60%) and urban residents (80%), with 70% having tertiary education. Pain was the most common symptom (50%), followed by swelling (30%) and limited mobility or joint instability (10% each). The right knee was affected in 80% of cases, and 20% had bilateral involvement. Conclusions: PVNS predominantly affects middle-aged individuals and frequently involves the knee joint, with pain as the leading clinical symptom. It is important for the physician to have a high index of suspicion and target treatment to ensure removal of all abnormal tissue, reduce pain, reduce the risk of joint destruction and avoid recurrence.