Breeding for Late Blight Disease Resistance Varieties in Potato: A Strategic Approach for Food Security and Sustainability

Abstract

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one the most important stable foods that helps to resolve the global food crisis. However, its production has been limited due to various biotic and abiotic factors. Late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the destructive pathogenic diseases that not only results in potato yield losses but also increase the cost of production due to huge monetary expenses the growers inquire for disease control and preventive measures. The pathogen could result in a 20-100% yield reduction depending on the susceptibility of the variety, prevailing climatic variables, preventive and control measures taken, and the pathogen load in the area. The losses in the yield resulted in hunger and starvation. Annually, the losses due to Phytophthora infestans have been estimated to be $ 12 billion globally. The use of chemicals to control the disease seems to be the most effective measure, the method is no more economically and environmentally sustainable. The development and deployment of resistant varieties remain the most sustainable approach to managing and controlling diseases to ensure food security. This review examines the significance of the late blight disease of potatoes, its control measure, and the need for disease-resistant varieties.