Life after Lassa Fever: A Phenomenological Exploration of Survivors’ Lived Experiences in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Survival from Lassa fever may be followed by persistent physical symptoms, sensory difficulties, psychological distress, social disruption, and stigma. This study explored how survivors described the illness trajectory and life after treatment in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was used. Eighteen purposively selected adults who had survived Lassa fever and had been clinically free of the acute illness for at least six months were recruited through three specialist treatment centres in Southern Nigeria. Data were generated through audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Results: The sample comprised 10 men and 8 women; 11 participants were aged 40 years or older, but two participants did not disclose their age. The accounts revealed delayed or missed diagnosis, severe physical suffering during the acute illness, emotional anguish, prolonged recovery, perceived hearing and visual difficulties, social and occupational disruption, stigma, isolation, deliberate concealment of diagnosis, and gratitude for survival and free treatment. Recovery was heterogeneous: some participants described progressive improvement, whereas others reported continuing weakness, pain, lethargy, or sensory difficulties. Conclusion: The outcome of the study indicates that recovery from Lassa fever extends beyond virological or clinical discharge. Survivor-centred follow-up should integrate the assessment of persistent physical and sensory symptoms, psychosocial support, stigma-reduction communication, and assistance with social and occupational reintegration. These findings are qualitative and should be interpreted within the context of the purposively selected sample.