Energy Valorization of the Palm Stem: Composition, Potential and Applications in Guinea

Abstract

Biomass derived from palm trees represents a renewable energy resource that remains largely underexploited in Guinea, despite its abundance and local availability. Among its components, the palm stem, or stipe, offers significant energy potential due to its lignocellulosic structure, primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are key elements for biomass energy valorization. Several studies have shown that this type of biomass exhibits thermochemical properties comparable to those of conventional woody residues commonly used for energy production. This article provides a scientific analysis of the energy composition of the palm stem, its physicochemical properties, and its main valorization pathways, including direct combustion, carbonization, and gasification, while considering the economic, environmental, and energy-specific context of Guinea. The results indicate that, despite a high moisture content in the fresh state, characteristic of tropical biomass, the palm stem exhibits, after proper drying and conditioning, a calorific value comparable to conventional wood. Thus, this biomass represents a credible and sustainable alternative for thermal and electrical energy production, particularly in rural areas of Guinea, where access to centralized grids remains limited and decentralized biomass-based energy solutions offer a strategic lever for local development.