Assessment of the Phytoremediation Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes in the Steel City Area of Jajpur District, Odisha, India

Abstract

This study evaluates the role of pollution-preventing aquatic macrophytes in the industrial zones of Jajpur district, Odisha, India. Surveys were conducted in 2024 across various aquatic habitats within these zones to document aquatic phytodiversity and assess its potential in pollution mitigation. Both extensive and intensive floristic surveys were performed, and voucher specimens were collected and preserved using standard herbarium techniques. A total of 23 aquatic plant species were identified, representing 23 genera and 18 families. These included 7 free-floating, 4 marshy, 7 amphibious, 2 submerged, and 3 fixed-floating species. Quantitative diversity indices were applied to evaluate species richness and distribution. Species richness (S) was 23, indicating a relatively high level of biodiversity. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') was calculated at 1.5, suggesting moderate diversity, with certain species showing dominance. Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) was found to be 0.762, indicating a moderately diverse community with a few dominant species. These aquatic plants play a vital ecological role by reducing water pollution, supporting biodiversity, and contributing to the ecological stability of industrial aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, they offer economic and cultural benefits to local communities, reinforcing their importance in sustainable livelihoods. Given the increasing pressure on aquatic habitats from industrial expansion and pollution, conservation of these macrophytes is crucial. Protecting these species ensures the preservation of their ecological functions, particularly in natural water purification and habitat stabilization. Conservation efforts should include habitat protection, pollution control, community awareness, and the integration of aquatic plant biodiversity into local environmental planning. The study underscores the need for further research into the ecological functions, distribution, and conservation of these aquatic plants to enhance pollution management strategies and promote the sustainable use of these valuable bio-resources for future generations.