Vernalization Enhanced Seed Germination with Early Flowering in Pansy (Viola x wittrockiana Gams.)

Abstract

Viola x wittrockiana Gams, an economically important floriculture crop species, is known to exhibit reduced flowering under warm temperature conditions. This results in poor seed set, delayed or poor seed germination, with hindered seedling development leading to fluctuating flowering. Therefore, it is imperative that suitable measures are taken to resolve seed dormancy and improve seed germination. Therefore, the present study was planned in which the seeds of pansy cv. ‘Punjab Choco Gold’ were stored at different vernalization temperatures for varied durations to observe their seed germination and flowering traits compared to control seeds kept at ambient temperature (26.5 oC). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with 13 treatments and three replications. Observations were recorded on seed germination, seedling vigour, flowering behaviour, and floral quality parameters. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that storage of pansy seeds at 0-4°C for 60 days resulted in better and earlier germination with improved seedling growth. The flowering time was manipulated and was 12 days earlier than the control, and flower quality was also improved (no vernalization) by storing pansy seeds at 4°C for 60 days. Hence, it could be concluded that seed vernalization at 4°C for 60 days duration enhanced seed germination with early flowering and better flower quality in Viola × wittrockiana; therefore, pansy can be regarded as a model vernalization crop.