Vaccination Hesitancy and Zero-Dose Children in Borno State, Nigeria: Comparative Analysis of Urban Priority and Non-priority LGAs and their Implications for Immunization Coverage

Abstract

Background: This study delves into the multifaceted landscape of childhood immunization within urban settings, focusing on vaccine refusal, non-compliance (including partial compliance or defaulter households), and their impacts on immunization coverage. The research, conducted as a case study in communities situated in both Zero-Dose priority LGAs (Local Government Areas) of Maiduguri Metropolitan Council (MMC) and Jere and non-priority LGAs of Konduga and Mafa in Borno State, aims to comprehensively understand the perspectives shaping immunization decisions. Methods: The method involves an extensive quantitative analysis of socio-demographic factors, electronic media ownership, and parental characteristics. Data were collected through household surveys collected from 173 participants, analyzing vaccination records, and assessing immunization coverage rates for period of twelve months. Statistical methods, including chi-square tests, are utilized to explore relationships between settlement types, parental levels of education, and vaccine-related behaviors. Results: Results indicate significant associations between vaccine refusal, non-compliance, and specific socio-demographic factors. Parental education levels and the gender of the household head emerge as pivotal determinants impacting immunization status and vaccination card retention. Electronic media ownership, particularly radios and handsets, is identified as potential channels for targeted health communication strategies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for tailored, context-specific interventions to enhance immunization coverage, awareness, and acceptance in urban settings. By addressing educational disparities, gender dynamics, and settlement-specific challenges, the study aims to contribute to the development of effective strategies in achieving comprehensive immunization coverage and mitigating the risks associated with vaccine refusal and non-compliance. Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of childhood immunization, informing public health policies and interventions in the specified LGAs of Borno State.