Assessment of Enteric Parasites in Bushmeat Animals Sold for Consumption in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Bushmeat is widely consumed in Africa as a source of protein but poses potential risks for zoonotic parasite transmission. Aim: This study assessed the occurrence and distribution of gastrointestinal parasites in bush animals sold for human consumption in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 bush animals representing five host groups were examined between October and December 2023. Intestinal examinations were conducted for adult helminths, while faecal samples were analyzed microscopically for parasite eggs and larvae using standard parasitological techniques. Parasites were identified based on morphological characteristics. Results: Overall prevalence of infection was 56.25%. Infection varied among host species, with the highest prevalence (100%) recorded in porcupines and wild cats. Strongyloides spp. showed the highest occurrence (100%), followed by Ascaris spp. (50%) and Fasciolopsis spp. (37.5%). Other parasites, including Taenia, Echinostoma, Trichuris, and Trichostrongylus, were observed at lower prevalence levels. Adult helminths were recovered from intestinal samples, while parasite eggs were detected in faeces; Strongyloides spp. occurred in both. Conclusion: Bush animals sold in Akure harbour diverse gastrointestinal parasites of public health importance. Hygienic handling of bushmeat using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), proper cooking, and increased surveillance are essential to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission.