Unveiling the Genetic Relationships between Yield and Quality Traits in Avocado Ecotypes from Karnataka: A Multivariate Approach

Abstract

Avocados are rich nutritional value and broad adaptability and become commercial crop recently because of its increasing demand. it's crucial to overcome the limitations in crop improvement and develop high-performing and climate-adapted genotypes that cater to India's increasing demand and enhance local production. This study investigates the diversity and yield contributors among 31 avocado ecotypes collected from Mysuru and Kodagu regions in Karnataka, India. Comprehensive yield and quality-related parameters were assessed and Genotypic and phenotypic correlations were analysed, and path coefficient analysis was used to dissect direct and indirect effects of key traits on yield. The highest direct positive effect on yield exhibited by pulp weight (1.48, 0.98) and number of fruits (0.72, 0.76), while average fruit weight showed a direct negative effect (-0.72, -0.16). Genetic divergence among ecotypes was revealed four main clusters with significant intra- and inter-cluster variability, particularly for fat content (54.19% Contribution), peel thickness (8.82% contribution) sugar content (7.53% contribution). These findings provide critical insights for breeders and support the selection of superior parents for future avocado improvement programs in southern India, aligning with rising market demand and the need for climate-resilient, high-yielding genotypes.