Challenges to Mainstreaming TVET in Bangladesh: Understanding the Gaps Between Policy and Practice

Abstract

This study examined the obstacles that prevented Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) from being successfully mainstreamed in Bangladesh, even after thorough policy frameworks were developed. It used document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and field observations to have a qualitative look at how TVET-related policies were being implemented. The results showed notable gaps between policy and practice, which were caused by antiquated curricula, inadequate industry engagement, insufficient governance frameworks, a lack of funding, and enduringly unfavorable public opinions of Technical and vocational education and Training (TVET).  All of these elements worked against the creation of a flexible and long-lasting TVET system. The study came to the conclusion that structural changes, such as improved policy coordination, more funding, curriculum modernization, industry collaborations, and public awareness campaigns, were necessary to solve these issues. These revelations helped to clarify the TVET ecosystem in Bangladesh and provided practical suggestions for matching employable skill development to market demands.