The Effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) and Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Leaf Extracts against Cucumber Aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and Melon Flies (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet) in a Field Condition

Abstract

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plays a pivotal role in global agriculture, contributing significantly to food security and economic prosperity. However, insect pests such as melon flies (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet) and aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) threaten cucumber production. While synthetic pesticides are effective, their detrimental effects on human health, wildlife, and ecosystems have prompted interest in alternative, natural pest control methods, such as neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) and aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). The experiment was conducted on a cucumber field at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania, from July to November 2023. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments arranged in a split-split plot structure was used. The treatment consisted of 40%, 60%, and 80% of neem and aloe vera leaf extracts respectively, as well as a control (water). Each treatment was replicated three times to ensure reliability. Neem and aloe vera extract at 60% and 80% concentrations significantly promoted plant growth. Furthermore, fewer instances of fruit rotting and deformation were observed. Neem extracts also resulted in higher- quality- and -larger fruits compared to the control with the smaller, lighter and higher case of fruit rotting and deformation. These findings suggest that neem and aloe vera leaf extracts, particularly at 60% and 80%, can be an effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides in controlling cucumber pests, improving plant health, and increasing yield. This approach can be scaled for use in other crops, promoting sustainable agriculture practices that protect human health, conserve biodiversity, and reduce environmental impact.