Therapeutic Potential of Hedychium coronarium: Integrating Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Antidiabetic Mechanisms

Abstract

Background: Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig is a monocotyledonous perennial herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae and genus Hedychium. It is commonly known as butterfly ginger, garland flower, butterfly lily, and cinnamon jasmine. The plant is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has long been utilized in traditional medicine for treating disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, infections, and pain. Its medicinal importance is attributed to the presence of diverse bioactive phytochemicals. Methodology: This review is based on a comprehensive analysis of published literature focusing on the phytochemical composition, ethnomedicinal applications, and pharmacological activities of Hedychium coronarium. Relevant in vitro and in vivo studies were evaluated to understand its therapeutic potential. Results: The plant exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, cytotoxic, and neuropharmacological effects. Major phytoconstituents such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and sterols—particularly compounds like linalool, geraniol, limonene, nerolidol, and labdane diterpenes—play a key role in these activities. Importantly, several constituents demonstrate antidiabetic potential through mechanisms such as enzyme inhibition, improved insulin sensitivity, reduction of hyperglycemia, and antioxidant action. Conclusion: Hedychium coronarium is a pharmacologically significant plant with strong potential in the development of novel therapeutic agents, especially for diabetes management. Its traditional uses are supported by scientific evidence; however, further clinical research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.