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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

The Prevalence of Candida Species among HIV-Positive Women in Aluu, Nigeria: A Call for Awareness

Cookey T. I., Ihejirika M. O., Osuala O. J., Onu, E. N., Amadi, B. O., Oketah, E. N., Adim, C. C., Innocent-Adiele H. C., Okonko I. O.

International Journal of Pathogen Research · pp. 99–109 · Published 13 Dec 2023

10.9734/ijpr/2023/v12i6258

Abstract

Background: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which HIV brings on, is a major public health concern. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a pandemic. Only 2.1% of HIV cases worldwide are recorded in Nigeria. Usually, under the control of the immune system, Candida infections may be dangerous for immunocompromised people, particularly those living with HIV/AIDS. Aim: At the Mbodo Health Centre in Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of Candida infections and their relationship to HIV-positive patients. Methods: Fifty HIV-positive women were chosen at random. Self-collected oral and vaginal swabs were used to gather data. To identify Candida species, biochemical testing, culture, and microscopy were used. Results: Eighty percent of the 50 individuals had positive candidiasis tests. Oral and vaginal mono/co-candidiasis were found to be common, with Candida albicans being the most common specie. Based on demographic parameters, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the prevalence of oral candidiasis. The frequency of vaginal candidiasis was much greater in those with secondary education and aged 31-40 years. The age group of 31 to 40 years old had a considerably greater co-occurrence rate of oral and vaginal candidiasis. Adult female HIV-positive patients at Mbodo Health Centre have a significant prevalence of candidiasis. Conclusion: The study sheds light on the distribution of Candida species and how demographic variables relate to them. These results highlight the significance of treating candidiasis as a serious health issue in people living with HIV. To improve overall health outcomes for HIV-positive people and reduce related risk factors, further research and treatments may be required.

HIV females candida albicans candida tropicalis candida parapsilopsis

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