The Intersectionality of Gender, Climate Change and Resilience: A Critical Review

Abstract

Climate change is not a gender-neutral phenomenon; its impacts are disproportionately felt by women, exacerbating existing inequalities. Women often face greater health risks, increased incidents of violence, and displacement due to climate-related events. These vulnerabilities stem from pre-existing socio-economic disparities, cultural norms, and limited access to resources. For instance, in many low- and middle-income countries, women are primarily responsible for water and food provision, making them more susceptible to droughts and floods that disrupt these resources. This paper explores the complex intersections between gender and climate resilience, examining both systemic and grassroots responses. It addresses how gender inequalities shape climate vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies, and assesses the effectiveness of gender-sensitive responses. The various gendered dimensions of adaptation, including local knowledge, gender-responsive agriculture, and women's leadership in community-based initiatives are critically analysed. Finally, the paper emphasizes the critical need for gender mainstreaming in climate policy and planning, including responsive budgeting and outcome monitoring. The study ultimately advocates for a gender-transformative approach to climate resilience that not only addresses women's unique vulnerabilities but also promotes their empowerment and advances social justice.