Temperature-dependent Development and Survival of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Abstract

The present investigation evaluated the effect of temperature on the development, survivability, and life history of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, under controlled conditions. Climate change significantly influences fall armyworm development and survival, with temperature acting as the primary abiotic driver. Accordingly, larvae were reared at 22, 26, 30, and 34 °C under 65 ± 5% relative humidity and 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod. The results revealed that temperature significantly impacted the egg incubation period, larval, and pupal durations, which decreased with increasing temperature, while adult longevity and total lifespan were longer at cooler temperatures. Females consistently outlived males across all temperature regimes. Egg hatching, larval survival, pupation, and adult emergence were highest at 22–26 °C and declined at higher temperatures, indicating thermal stress. These findings demonstrate that temperature is a key factor influencing the developmental biology and survival of S. frugiperda, providing essential insights for predicting outbreaks and implementing effective pest management strategies.