Specific Diversity of Fish Ponds in the Haut-sassandra and Risks of Contamination by Potential Pathogens among Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia)

Abstract

Fishery and aquaculture products are an important source of protein in the human diet and a real source of income for producers. However, fish farming is still less well known among the Ivorian population, and does not yet benefit from technical assistance. This could have an impact on the quality of aquaculture resources. This study was therefore carried out firstly to assess the current state of fish farming in the Haut-Sassandra region, and then to evaluate contamination by potential bacterial pathogens of tilapia fish from fish ponds in this region. To this end, a survey was carried out from June to December 2022 using questionnaires. The survey consisted of direct interviews and farm visits to collect data. Tilapia fish were then sampled and analyzed. It emerged that fish farming is a fast-growing activity in the Haut-Sassandra region, but is practiced in a related way. It is mostly practiced by people aged between 35 and 50, most of whom have a primary education. Females account for 2.66%. The dominant system is extensive, practiced in dam and diversion ponds where several activities coexist. In this region, 100% Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), 21% Cameroon (Heterotis niloticus) and 48% Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) are found on all farms. Of the two pond types, the barrage ponds had the best characteristics. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic species, notably Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella spp and Enterococcus in tilapia from these fish ponds. Fish farming is a fast-growing activity, but it needs special attention to meet the needs of the Ivorian population.