Synthesis and Characterization of Rice Husk Nanobiochar-Based N and K Fertilizers: Promoting Environmental Sustainability in Agriculture

Abstract

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nanobiochar-based nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizers derived from rice husk. The aim is to address the agricultural by-products generated during the rice milling process and convert them into valuable products. The nanobiochar particles, with dimensions in the nanoscale range, exhibit enhanced physical, chemical, and surface characteristics compared to macrobiochar counterparts. The particle size analysis revealed hydrodynamic diameters of 42.5 nm for RHNB N and 10.9 nm for RHNB K, while the zeta potentials were found to be -32.4 mV and -31.8 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of functional groups and nutrient incorporation in the fertilizers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the crystalline structure of the samples, attributed to the presence of SiO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided insights into the porous structure and surface morphology of the nanobiochar fertilizers. The elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of various elements. The developed rice husk nanobiochar-based N and K fertilizers offer promising properties for sustainable agriculture, including slow-release nutrient delivery and mitigation of environmental issues associated with conventional fertilizers. These fertilizers have the potential to enhance soil fertility and contribute to environmental sustainability in agricultural systems. Further research and field trials are necessary to evaluate their efficacy in agricultural practices.