Study on Carcinomas of Breast with Special Reference to Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Her 2/neu

Abstract

Carcinoma is a major health issue worldwide. Breast cancer is by far the most common of all cancers diagnosed in women, in the world. The incidence of breast cancer has risen in India (22.9%). Breast cancer cases in India are expected to increase by 26% by 2020. There be existing 2,088,849 new cases of breast cancer worldwide foremost to 626,679 deaths in 2018. Among the Indian women, cancer cervix and breast carcinoma account for 60% of the total cases, of which the incidence of breast carcinoma is 10.4%. Angiogenesis is nothing but the growth of new vasculature from the pre-existing vasculature. This physiological process is involved in organ and embryonic development, wound healing, and reproductive functions in the adults. However, pathologically, angiogenesis is implicated in macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and tumour growth. HER2/neu status has recently become clinically very relevant because it has been demonstrated that HER-2/neu positive tumors have worse prognosis than HER2/neu negative tumors. To correlate the expressions of the Immunohistochemical markers HER-2/neu and Vascular Endothelial Growth factor (VEGF) with the various clinicopathological parameters like age, tumour size, histological type, grade, stage and lymph node metastasis status. It concludes an unequivocal association between the expressions of the two immunohistochemical markers, HER-2/neu and VEGF in breast carcinoma cases and its implication in guiding therapy against HER-2/neu over-expressing tumors.