Studies on Ocular Ultasonography and Echobiometry in Jamunapari Goats

Abstract

Transcorneal B-mode ultrasonography was used to characterise the normal ocular echomorphology and echobiometry of clinically healthy Jamunapari goats and to compare findings by age, sex, and laterality. The study included six males and six females in each of two age groups, comprising kids and adults. Without sedation or anaesthesia, both eyes were scanned in the axial plane using an 8–10 MHz convex transducer at a depth of 4–8 cm. Aqueous chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, axial globe length, and scleroretinal rim thickness were measured in triplicate. Intraocular pressure was recorded with a TonoVet Plus tonometer, and tear production was assessed using the Schirmer tear test. The intraocular structures were consistently visualised, allowing standard echomorphometric measurements to be established. No significant sex-related differences were observed in the measured ocular dimensions within the kid or adult groups. Most echobiometric values increased with age, indicating greater ocular dimensions in adult goats than in kids. Intraocular pressure was numerically higher in kids, whereas Schirmer tear test values were higher in adults. Differences between the left and right eyes were identified for some parameters, although the pattern was not consistent across all measurements. These findings provide preliminary baseline values for ocular assessment in Jamunapari goats and may assist the interpretation of ultrasonographic, tonometric, and tear-test findings in clinical ophthalmic examinations. Confirmation in larger and more diverse populations is required.