Social Analysis of NTFP (Non-Timber Forest Products) Dependent Livelihoods of South India

Abstract

Aim: This study explores the socioeconomic factors influencing the collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) among tribal communities in Wayanad, Kerala, South India. It also examines their perceptions of the decline in NTFP availability and their awareness about the conservation measures necessary to address the issue. Methodology: The data was collected from 105 households to assess NTFP dependency, and their perceptions. Multilinear regression was used to analyse the factors affecting NTFP collection and Likert scale was utilized to understand their perception and awareness. Results: Results revealed significant gender disparities, with men primarily involving in physically demanding NTFP collection activities. The findings indicated a relatively low interest among the youth towards NTFP collection, with younger generation increasingly disengaging in favour of alternative employment opportunities linked to higher education. variables such as tribal group, land ownership, total marketing expenditure, income from wages, agricultural income, and overall annual income significantly influenced total NTFP income levels. Majority of tribals had a medium level of awareness, recognizing the primary causes of decline but lacked a comprehensive understanding. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the urgent need for integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern conservation practices, promoting sustainable harvesting methods, enhancing market infrastructure, and the need for targeted interventions that empower women in NTFP-related livelihoods, offering them training and access to higher-value NTFP collections. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the social upliftment of tribal communities and sustainable management of NTFPs.