Self-Esteem, Parental Attachment and Mental Health Correlates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) among in-School Adolescents in Gboko LGA, Benue State
Zar, Vershima Daniel, Agbaje Samson, Gimbason Daniel Mairafi, Jibrin M. D., UMAR, Ibrahim, Yohanna Wamanyi, Emmanuel Etim Clement, Bashir Idris, Umar Jibril El-Muqaddas
International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · pp. 117–126 · Published 11 Oct 2025
10.9734/indj/2025/v22i5520Abstract
The study investigated the role of self-esteem and parental attachment in the relationship between mental health states (specifically depression and anxiety) and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among in-school adolescents in Gboko Local Government Area. Three specific objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study consisted of 420 in-school adolescents in Gboko Local Government Area, Benue State. The sample size for the study was drawn using a multi-stage sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and point-biserial correlation. The results of the study showed that in-school adolescents had a low proportion (11.4%) of engagement in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury behaviour. There was a positive weak relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury behaviours and depression (rbp = 0.20) and anxiety (rbp =.26). There was a weak negative relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury behaviours, self-esteem (rbp = - 0.148), while there was a moderate negative relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury behaviours and parental attachment (rbp = -0.434). In-school adolescents with good self-esteem (OR = 0,949; 95% C.I. = 0.86 – 1.05; P = 0.319) and good parental attachment (OR = 0,869; 95% C.I. = 0.84 – 0.90; P = 0.000) are 0.95 times and 0.87 times less likely to engage in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury behaviour than those with poor self-esteem and parental attachment in Gboko Local Government Area, Benue State. It was recommended among adolescents that public health campaigns should be conducted to raise awareness about Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, its risk factors, and its preventive strategies. These campaigns should target adolescents, parents, and teachers, focusing on reducing stigma around mental health and encouraging help-seeking behaviour.
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