Rehabilitation with Single Implants in Smokers: A 5-year Retrospective Study

Abstract

The individual smoker can present several alterations in the periodontal tissues, such as the reduction of blood flow, the alteration of the inflammatory and immunological responses, the damage in the tissue healing, the modification in the composition of the bacterial plaque, the increase in the depth of the pocket and greater loss of tissue. periodontal attachment. The aim of the present observational cohort study was to assess the peri-implant condition of dental implants in function for 5 years. Methodology: The convenience sample included in the present study consisted of 70 smokers, who had implants placed between 2014 and 2015, and who, after contact attended to undergo clinical periodontal examinations and periapical radiographs. Results: the presence of biofilm was observed in 54.7% of the implants and the mean probing depth was 3.87mm, while in individuals without the presence of plaque it was 3.44mm. For the probing bleeding index, 42 individuals did not experience bleeding and with a mean PS of 3.18mm, the 22 individuals with bleeding on probing had PS of 4.23mm. When considering the location of the implant, 22 were located in the mandible and 42 in the maxilla, with no statistical difference regarding location. Of the individuals evaluated, 27 did not perform annual maintenance in the last 5 years and 37 performed annual maintenance, the observed probing depth averages were 4.89mm and 3.64mm respectively. Conclusion: This observational study reported that bleeding on probing and lack of annual maintenance can promote an increase in probing depth in implants installed in smokers.